Mark+Antony

Read the following excerpt from **//Julius Caesar//** by William Shakespeare. Look carefully at Antony's speech and the __EFFECT__ on the citizens of Rome who are listening. Anthony uses primarily PATHOS to persuade his audience. By the time Antony is done, the citizens are rioting in the streets! Now that's powerful rhetoric!

 First Citizen Methinks there is much reason in his sayings.  Second Citizen If thou consider rightly of the matter, Caesar has had great wrong.  Third Citizen Has he, masters? I fear there will a worse come in his place.  Fourth Citizen Mark'd ye his words? He would not take the crown; Therefore 'tis certain he was not ambitious.  First Citizen If it be found so, some will dear abide it.  Second Citizen Poor soul! his eyes are red as fire with weeping.  Third Citizen There's not a nobler man in Rome than Antony.  Fourth Citizen Now mark him, he begins again to speak.  ANTONY But yesterday the word of Caesar might Have stood against the world; now lies he there. And none so poor to do him reverence. O masters, if I were disposed to stir Your hearts and minds to mutiny and rage, I should do Brutus wrong, and Cassius wrong, Who, you all know, are honourable men: I will not do them wrong; I rather choose To wrong the dead, to wrong myself and you, Than I will wrong such honourable men. But here's a parchment with the seal of Caesar; I found it in his closet, 'tis his will: Let but the commons hear this testament-- Which, pardon me, I do not mean to read-- And they would go and kiss dead Caesar's wounds And dip their napkins in his sacred blood, Yea, beg a hair of him for memory, And, dying, mention it within their wills, Bequeathing it as a rich legacy Unto their issue.  Fourth Citizen We'll hear the will: read it, Mark Antony.  All The will, the will! we will hear Caesar's will.  ANTONY Have patience, gentle friends, I must not read it; It is not meet you know how Caesar loved you. You are not wood, you are not stones, but men; And, being men, bearing the will of Caesar, It will inflame you, it will make you mad: 'Tis good you know not that you are his heirs; For, if you should, O, what would come of it!  Fourth Citizen Read the will; we'll hear it, Antony; You shall read us the will, Caesar's will.  ANTONY Will you be patient? will you stay awhile? I have o'ershot myself to tell you of it: I fear I wrong the honourable men Whose daggers have stabb'd Caesar; I do fear it.
 * Mark Anthony:** Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears; I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him. The evil that men do lives after them; The good is oft interred with their bones; So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus Hath told you Caesar was ambitious: If it were so, it was a grievous fault, And grievously hath Caesar answer'd it. Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest-- For Brutus is an honourable man; So are they all, all honourable men-- Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral. He was my friend, faithful and just to me: But Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honourable man. He hath brought many captives home to Rome Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill: Did this in Caesar seem ambitious? When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept: Ambition should be made of sterner stuff: Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; And Brutus is an honourable man. You all did see that on the Lupercal I thrice presented him a kingly crown, Which he did thrice refuse: was this ambition? Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; And, sure, he is an honourable man. I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke, But here I am to speak what I do know. You all did love him once, not without cause: What cause withholds you then, to mourn for him? O judgment! thou art fled to brutish beasts, And men have lost their reason. Bear with me; My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar, And I must pause till it come back to me.

Fourth Citizen They were traitors: honourable men!  All The will! the testament!  Second Citizen They were villains, murderers: the will! read the will. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> ANTONY You will compel me, then, to read the will? Then make a ring about the corpse of Caesar, And let me show you him that made the will. Shall I descend? and will you give me leave? <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Several Citizens Come down. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Second Citizen Descend. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Third Citizen You shall have leave. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> (ANTONY comes down) <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Fourth Citizen A ring; stand round. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> First Citizen Stand from the hearse, stand from the body. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Second Citizen Room for Antony, most noble Antony. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> ANTONY Nay, press not so upon me; stand far off. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Several Citizens Stand back; room; bear back. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> ANTONY If you have tears, prepare to shed them now. You all do know this mantle: I remember The first time ever Caesar put it on; 'Twas on a summer's evening, in his tent, That day he overcame the Nervii: Look, in this place ran Cassius' dagger through: See what a rent the envious Casca made: Through this the well-beloved Brutus stabb'd; And as he pluck'd his cursed steel away, Mark how the blood of Caesar follow'd it, As rushing out of doors, to be resolved If Brutus so unkindly knock'd, or no; For Brutus, as you know, was Caesar's angel: Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him! This was the most unkindest cut of all; For when the noble Caesar saw him stab, Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms, Quite vanquish'd him: then burst his mighty heart; And, in his mantle muffling up his face, Even at the base of Pompey's statua, Which all the while ran blood, great Caesar fell. O, what a fall was there, my countrymen! Then I, and you, and all of us fell down, Whilst bloody treason flourish'd over us. O, now you weep; and, I perceive, you feel The dint of pity: these are gracious drops. Kind souls, what, weep you when you but behold Our Caesar's vesture wounded? Look you here, Here is himself, marr'd, as you see, with traitors. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> First Citizen O piteous spectacle! <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Second Citizen O noble Caesar! <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Third Citizen O woful day! <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Fourth Citizen O traitors, villains! <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> First Citizen O most bloody sight! <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Second Citizen We will be revenged. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> All Revenge! About! Seek! Burn! Fire! Kill! Slay! Let not a traitor live! <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> ANTONY Stay, countrymen. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> First Citizen Peace there! hear the noble Antony. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Second Citizen We'll hear him, we'll follow him, we'll die with him. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> ANTONY Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up To such a sudden flood of mutiny. They that have done this deed are honourable: What private griefs they have, alas, I know not, That made them do it: they are wise and honourable, And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you. I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts: I am no orator, as Brutus is; But, as you know me all, a plain blunt man, That love my friend; and that they know full well That gave me public leave to speak of him: For I have neither wit, nor words, nor worth, Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech, To stir men's blood: I only speak right on; I tell you that which you yourselves do know; Show you sweet Caesar's wounds, poor poor dumb mouths, And bid them speak for me: but were I Brutus, And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony Would ruffle up your spirits and put a tongue In every wound of Caesar that should move The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> All We'll mutiny. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> First Citizen We'll burn the house of Brutus. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Third Citizen Away, then! come, seek the conspirators. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> ANTONY Yet hear me, countrymen; yet hear me speak. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> All Peace, ho! Hear Antony. Most noble Antony! <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> ANTONY Why, friends, you go to do you know not what: Wherein hath Caesar thus deserved your loves? Alas, you know not: I must tell you then: You have forgot the will I told you of. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> All Most true. The will! Let's stay and hear the will. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> ANTONY Here is the will, and under Caesar's seal. To every Roman citizen he gives, To every several man, seventy-five drachmas. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Second Citizen Most noble Caesar! We'll revenge his death. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Third Citizen O royal Caesar! <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> ANTONY Hear me with patience. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> All Peace, ho! <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> ANTONY Moreover, he hath left you all his walks, His private arbours and new-planted orchards, On this side Tiber; he hath left them you, And to your heirs for ever, common pleasures, To walk abroad, and recreate yourselves. Here was a Caesar! when comes such another?

First Citizen Never, never. Come, away, away! We'll burn his body in the holy place, And with the brands fire the traitors' houses. Take up the body. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Second Citizen Go fetch fire. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Third Citizen Pluck down benches. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> Fourth Citizen Pluck down forms, windows, any thing. <span style="FONT-FAMILY: Times New Roman,Times New Roman"> (Exeunt Citizens with the body) ANTONY Now let it work. Mischief, thou art afoot, Take thou what course thou wilt! Cry Havoc! And let slip the dogs of war!